ABSTRACT
Objective:Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a human rights violation and a public health concern. The incidence of IPV increases in mass events such as epidemics. The aim of this study was to assess the nature and the extent of IPV among women in Turkey;to identify the associated factors, and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method:The study has a cross-sectional, descriptive design. An online self-report survey, based on World Health Organization guidance on epidemiological studies to assess IPV, was conducted among women between 09.01.2021 and 09.02.2021. The survey had 69 questions which covered sociodemographic characteristics, relationship history, types of violence and mental well-being. Inclusion criteria were being over the age of 18, and having a spouse/partner during the pandemic. Participation was on voluntary basis. 1372 women were included in the analysis. Results:Around a third (30.7%) of participants were exposed to any type of violence before the pandemic, with most common form being emotional violence, and this rate remained unchanged during the pandemic, despite the time spent with partners were expected to increase due to isolation measures. 61 women (4.4%), mostly university graduates living in cities, reported being subject to violence for the first time during the pandemic. 31.2% of them were cases of digital violence. Lower level of education, younger age and partner's alcohol and substance use was associated with IPV, and IPV was associated with poorer mental well-being. Discussion:Despite the public health measures taken during the pandemic (e.g. lockdowns), where women would have spent more time isolated with their partners, rates of IPV did not change from pre-pandemic to pandemic. This outcome needs to be compared with findings from other contexts. Strategies to prevent IPV is of utmost importance for the protection of mental well-being of women and the society during and after the pandemic. © 2023 ANP Publishing. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Universities are pressed to update their educational processes in face of the changing students' needs, the companies and industries requirements and the surrounding society evolving context. Never has this challenge been so dramatic and so immediate as it is now, in this COVID-19 pandemic! Much of the burden to adapt the teaching processes and the learning methodologies has fallen onto teachers that were required to improve their pedagogical and technical competences to be able to handle the present societal needs. Teachers must now be able to blend online activities with face-to-face teaching and to reuse existing open contents into their teaching practices to adapt efficiently to this new reality. This paper analyses and discusses the needs of teachers in such contexts, namely when Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are blended with other forms of learning. This study was conceived and designed before the current pandemic but it has been rendered even more relevant by this situation. © 2020 IEEE.